- Microsoft Stack Technology
- Full Stack Development Wikipedia
- Microsoft Full Stack Development Wikipedia
- Microsoft Technology Stack Diagram
- Microsoft Full Stack Development
Azure Stack is an extension of Azure that provides a way to run applications in an on-premises environment and deliver Azure services in your datacenter. With a consistent cloud platform, organizations can confidently make technology decisions based on business requirements, rather than business decisions based on technology limitations.
A new extension for VS Code is in the starting blocks: Microsoft Web Template Studio (WebTS) is ready for download as a very early nightly build. The goal of WebTS is cloud-based full-stack web development using Azure services. WebTS is released as a Nightly Build at a very early stage for feedback from the developer community. How much does a Full Stack Developer make? The national average salary for a Full Stack Developer is $80,454 in United States. Filter by location to see Full Stack Developer salaries in your area. Salary estimates are based on 528 salaries submitted anonymously to Glassdoor by Full Stack Developer employees. Simply put, full stack developer is a kind of people who master a variety of skills and use these skills to complete a product independently. A full stack developer is an engineer who can handle all the work of databases, servers, systems engineering, and clients.
Why use Azure Stack?
Azure provides a rich platform for developers to build modern applications. However, some cloud-based applications face obstacles such as latency, intermittent connectivity, and regulations. Azure and Azure Stack unlock new hybrid cloud use cases for both customer-facing and internal line-of-business applications:
- Edge and disconnected solutions. Address latency and connectivity requirements by processing data locally in Azure Stack and then aggregating it in Azure for further analytics, with common application logic across both. You can even deploy Azure Stack disconnected from the internet without connectivity to Azure. Think of factory floors, cruise ships, and mine shafts as examples.
- Cloud applications that meet varied regulations. Develop and deploy applications in Azure, with full flexibility to deploy on-premises with Azure Stack to meet regulatory or policy requirements, with no code changes needed. Application examples include global audit, financial reporting, foreign exchange trading, online gaming, and expense reporting.
- Cloud application model on-premises. Use Azure services, containers, serverless, and microservice architectures to update and extend existing applications or build new ones. Use consistent DevOps processes across Azure in the cloud and Azure Stack on-premises to speed up application modernization for core mission-critical applications.
Azure Stack enables these usage scenarios by providing:
- An integrated delivery experience to get up and running quickly with purpose-built Azure Stack integrated systems from trusted hardware partners. After delivery, Azure Stack easily integrates into the datacenter with monitoring through the System Center Operations Manager Management Pack or Nagios extension.
- Flexible identity management using Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) for Azure and Azure Stack hybrid environments, and leveraging Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) for disconnected deployments.
- An Azure-consistent application development environment to maximize developer productivity and enable common DevOps approaches across hybrid environments.
- Azure services delivery from on-premises using hybrid cloud computing power. Adopt common operational practices across Azure and Azure Stack to deploy and operate Azure IaaS and PaaS services using the same administrative experiences and tools as Azure. Microsoft delivers continuous Azure innovation to Azure Stack, including new Azure services, updates to existing services, and additional Azure Marketplace applications and images.
Azure Stack architecture
Azure Stack integrated systems are comprised in racks of 4-16 servers built by trusted hardware partners and delivered straight to your datacenter. After delivery, a solution provider will work with you to deploy the integrated system and ensure the Azure Stack solution meets your business requirements. You will need to prepare your datacenter by ensuring all required power and cooling, border connectivity, and other required datacenter integration requirement are in place.
For more information about the Azure Stack datacenter integration experience, see Azure Stack datacenter integration.
Azure Stack is built on industry standard hardware and is managed using the same tools you already use for managing Azure subscriptions. As a result, you can apply consistent DevOps processes whether you are connected to Azure or not.
The Azure Stack architecture allows you to provide Azure services at the edge for remote locations or intermittent connectivity, disconnected from the internet. You can create hybrid solutions that process data locally in Azure Stack and then aggregate it in Azure for additional processing and analytics. Finally, because Azure Stack is installed on-premises, you can meet specific regulatory or policy requirements with the flexibility of deploying cloud application on-premises without changing any code.
Deployment options
Production or evaluation environments
Azure Stack is offered in two deployment options to meet your needs, Azure Stack integrated systems for production use and the Azure Stack Development Kit (ASDK) for evaluating Azure Stack:
- Azure Stack integrated systems. Azure Stack integrated systems are offered through a partnership of Microsoft and hardware partners, creating a solution that offers cloud-paced innovation and computing management simplicity. Because Azure Stack is offered as an integrated hardware and software system, you have the flexibility and control you need, along with the ability to innovate from the cloud. Azure Stack integrated systems range in size from 4-16 nodes, and are jointly supported by the hardware partner and Microsoft. Use Azure Stack integrated systems to create new scenarios and deploy new solutions for your production workloads.
- Azure Stack Development Kit. The Azure Stack Development Kit (ASDK) is a free, single-node deployment of Azure Stack that you can use to evaluate and learn about Azure Stack. You can also use the ASDK as a developer environment to build apps using the APIs and tooling that's consistent with Azure. However, the ASDK isn't intended to be used as a production environment and has the following limitations as compared to the full integrated systems production deployment:
- The ASDK can only be associated with a single Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) or Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) identity provider.
- Because Azure Stack components are deployed on a single host computer, there are limited physical resources available for tenant resources. This configuration is not intended to scale or for performance evaluation.
- Networking scenarios are limited because of the single host and NIC deployment requirements.
Connection models
You can choose to deploy Azure Stack either connected to the internet (and to Azure) or disconnected from it. This choice defines which options are available for your identity store (Azure AD or AD FS) and billing model (Pay as you use-based billing or capacity-based billing).
For more information, see the considerations for connected and disconnected deployment models.
Identity provider
Azure Stack uses either Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) or Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) to provide identities. Azure AD is Microsoft's cloud-based, multi-tenant identity provider. Most hybrid scenarios with internet-connected deployments use Azure AD as the identity store.
For disconnected deployments of Azure Stack, you need to use Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS). Azure Stack resource providers and other applications work similarly with AD FS or Azure AD. Azure Stack includes its own Active Directory instance and an Active Directory Graph API.
Important
You cannot change the identity provider after deployment. To use a different identity provider, you need to re-deploy Azure Stack.
You can learn more about Azure Stack identity considerations at Overview of identity for Azure Stack.
How is Azure Stack managed?
You can manage Azure Stack with the administration portal, user portal, or PowerShell. The Azure Stack portals are each backed by separate instances of Azure Resource Manager. An Azure Stack Operator uses the administration portal to manage Azure Stack, and to do things like create tenant offerings, and maintain the health and monitor status of the integrated system. The user portal (also referred to as the tenant portal) provides a self-service experience for consumption of cloud resources such as virtual machines, storage accounts, and web apps.
For more information about managing Azure Stack using the administration portal, see the use the Azure Stack administration portal quickstart.
As an Azure Stack Operator, you can deliver a wide variety of services and applications, such as virtual machines, web applications, highly available SQL Server, and MySQL Server databases. You can also use Azure Stack quickstart Azure Resource Manager templates to deploy SharePoint, Exchange, and more.
Using the administration portal, you can configure Azure Stack to deliver services to tenants using plans, quotas, offers, and subscriptions. Tenant users can subscribe to multiple offers. Offers can have one or more plans, and plans can have one or more services. Operators also manage capacity and respond to alerts.
When Azure Stack is configured, an Azure Stack User (also referred to as a tenant) consumes services that the Operator offers. Users can provision, monitor, and manage services that they have subscribed to, such as web apps, storage, and virtual machines.
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To learn more about managing Azure Stack, including what accounts to use where, typical Operator responsibilities, what to tell your users, and how to get help, review Azure Stack administration basics.
Resource providers
Resource providers are web services that form the foundation for all Azure Stack IaaS and PaaS services. Azure Resource Manager relies on different resource providers to provide access to services. Each resource provider helps you configure and control its respective resources. Service administrators can also add new custom resource providers.
Foundational resource providers
There are three foundational IaaS resource providers:
Microsoft Stack Technology
- Compute. The Compute Resource Provider allows Azure Stack tenants to create their own virtual machines. The Compute Resource Provider includes the ability to create virtual machines as well as Virtual Machine extensions. The Virtual Machine extension service helps provide IaaS capabilities for Windows and Linux virtual machines. As an example, you can use the Compute Resource Provider to provision a Linux virtual machine and run Bash scripts during deployment to configure the VM.
- Network Resource Provider. The Network Resource Provider delivers a series of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) features for the private cloud. You can use the Network Resource Provider to create resources like software load balancers, public IPs, network security groups, and virtual networks.
- Storage Resource Provider. The Storage Resource Provider delivers four Azure-consistent storage services: blob, queue, table, and KeyVault account management providing management and auditing of secrets, such as passwords and certificates. The storage resource provider also offers a storage cloud administration service to facilitate service provider administration of Azure-consistent Storage services. Azure Storage provides the flexibility to store and retrieve large amounts of unstructured data, such as documents and media files with Azure Blobs, and structured NoSQL based data with Azure Tables.
Optional resource providers
There are three optional PaaS resource providers that you can deploy and use with Azure Stack:
- App Service. Azure App Service on Azure Stack is a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) offering of Microsoft Azure available to Azure Stack. The service enables your internal or external customers to create web, API, and Azure Functions applications for any platform or device.
- SQL Server. Use the SQL Server resource provider to offer SQL databases as a service of Azure Stack. After you install the resource provider and connect it to one or more SQL Server instances, you and your users can create databases for cloud-native apps, websites that use SQL, and other workloads that use SQL.
- MySQL Server. Use the MySQL Server resource provider to expose MySQL databases as an Azure Stack service. The MySQL resource provider runs as a service on a Windows Server 2016 Server Core virtual machine (VM).
Providing high availability
To achieve high availability of a multi-VM production system in Azure, VMs are placed in an availability set that spreads them across multiple fault domains and update domains. In the smaller scale of Azure Stack, a fault domain in an availability set is defined as a single node in the scale unit.
While the infrastructure of Azure Stack is already resilient to failures, the underlying technology (failover clustering) still incurs some downtime for VMs on an impacted physical server if there is a hardware failure. Azure Stack supports having an availability set with a maximum of three fault domains to be consistent with Azure.
- Fault domains. VMs placed in an availability set will be physically isolated from each other by spreading them as evenly as possible over multiple fault domains (Azure Stack nodes). If there is a hardware failure, VMs from the failed fault domain will be restarted in other fault domains, but kept in separate fault domains from the other VMs in the same availability set if possible. When the hardware comes back online, VMs will be rebalanced to maintain high availability.
- Update domains. Update domains are another Azure concept that provides high availability in availability sets. An update domain is a logical group of underlying hardware that can undergo maintenance at the same time. VMs located in the same update domain will be restarted together during planned maintenance. As tenants create VMs within an availability set, the Azure platform automatically distributes VMs across these update domains. In Azure Stack, VMs are live migrated across the other online hosts in the cluster before their underlying host is updated. Since there is no tenant downtime during a host update, the update domain feature on Azure Stack only exists for template compatibility with Azure. VMs in an availability set will show 0 as their update domain number on the portal.
Role-based access control
You can use role-based access control (RBAC) to grant system access to authorized users, groups, and services by assigning them roles at a subscription, resource group, or individual resource level. Each role defines the access level a user, group, or service has over Microsoft Azure Stack resources.
Azure Stack RBAC has three basic roles that apply to all resource types: Owner, Contributor, and Reader. Owner has full access to all resources including the right to delegate access to others. Contributor can create and manage all types of Azure resources but can't grant access to others. Reader can only view existing resources. The rest of the RBAC roles allow management of specific Azure resources. For instance, the Virtual Machine Contributor role allows creation and management of virtual machines but does not allow management of the virtual network or the subnet that the virtual machine connects to.
See Manage role-based access control for more information.
Reporting usage data
Azure Stack collects and aggregates usage data across all resource providers, and transmits it to Azure for processing by Azure commerce. The usage data collected on Azure Stack can be viewed via a REST API. There is an Azure-consistent Tenant API as well as Provider and Delegated Provider APIs to get usage data across all tenant subscriptions. This data can be used to integrate with an external tool or service for billing or chargeback. Once usage has been processed by Azure commerce, it can be viewed in the Azure billing portal.
Learn more about reporting Azure Stack usage data to Azure.
Next steps
This popular article has been updated in June 2017 to include modern technologies.
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A full stack developer who can get from a prototype to full MVP (minimum viable product) is often considered a jack of all trades, master of none, and with good reason. To define the modern full stack developer, we first need to focus on what the full stack developer used to be.
Full Stack Developers Then
Long ago, circa 2000 (in Internet-time, 17 years is a very long time ago), a full stack developer was someone who could:
- whip up a web page in some Adobe tools like Photoshop or Fireworks
- turn this design into HTML, CSS, and hotspots on images (aw, remember those?)
- write some basic PHP 4.0 scripts (no object oriented PHP was on the horizon back then) to handle the server-side of the logic
- store all dynamic data into MySQL, maybe do a bit of optimizing
- upload it all to a server via FTP and collect the paycheck
Note that we’re talking about PHP here – a full stack Flash or Coldfusion developer had a different (but only slightly different) workflow.
Full Stack Development Wikipedia
Those were simple times, life was good. One-man agencies were a dime a dozen, and people still had time to spend with their family after work.
What about now?
What Does a Full Stack Developer Need to Know Now?
These days, we have horrors like these happening – how did it come to this?
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To succeed in a now-saturated market, we developers – who are often perfectionists – hesitate to delegate and often live by the “if you want something done right” motto. This forces us into a corner where we have to learn everything, so that being a full stack developer often ends up encompassing the following.
Server Admin / Devops
A developer must know how to do basic server management. This includes but is not limited to:
- connecting to remote servers through the terminal, in non-GUI environments
- basic shell scripting
- managing users and groups on a server
- managing server programs like Apache and Nginx for serving apps
- managing firewalls and permissions
- installing new software and updating the distribution
Apart from these basics, a developer should know how to create good, healthy, isolated development environments, in either Docker or virtual machines like with Vagrant. If all of the above is something you’re unfamiliar with, we have an excellent book about it for sale here.
The developer should also be intimately familiar with version control systems in order to be able to reliably produce backups and shareable, collaborative collections of code, tracked for changes across time. No modern developer workflow is complete without version control these days. We have a fantastic video course about this for purchase here.
Cloud
Apart from actual managed or virtualized servers, a developer might need to know about the cloud – hosting on platforms like Heroku, Google Cloud, Azure, AWS, and others.
There’s a fair bit to be said about platforms and tools that are more hype than immediately useful, but being familiar with the services everyone is talking about can come in handy in the long run – a client could demand a switch of providers any day now, and it pays to be ready. Luckily, we have the ultimate guide to deploying to all these cloud hosts.
Back End
On the back end, apart from knowing the language of choice – in our case PHP and its multitude of frameworks and CMSes – a developer needs to be familiar with:
- web servers like Nginx and Apache which ties into Devops above
- unfortunately, NodeJS for compiling JS, CSS, and other assets into statically hostable ones. Fortunately, there are ways to avoid NodeJS by using PHP.
- tools like Composer for package and dependency management in PHP itself – no modern developer’s environment is complete without it
- good API design, since most new websites today are API-based and merely talk to a detached front-end (more on that below).
- search engines like ElasticSearch (introduction here) are really important for performance
- cronjobs and background jobs with tools like Gearman or libraries like Crunz
- knowing about caching with Varnish, Redis, and similar powerful tools that slice hosting costs into the single digits will often make or break a project
Microsoft Full Stack Development Wikipedia
Database
The database is a separate section because apart from a good grasp of relational databases for data the schema of which won’t often change (like MySQL or PostgreSQL), a developer needs to know about noSQL databases like MongoDB, Redis, or Cassandra – not to mention graph databases like Neo4j.
What’s worse, these are all on the server, under the control of the developer. There’s also several remote solutions like the Mongo-like RestDB or the Google-owned Firebase, etc.
Front End
On the front end, there’s true chaos.
For a comprehensive overview of what’s needed for a healthy front end workflow these days, please see this excellent post on the JavaScript channel, but as a TL;DR it includes the following:
- NodeJS and NPM
- Yarn
- Preprocessors and transpilers (like Babel) for things like Typescript, ES6, LESS, SCSS, SaSS
- Builders and task runners like Grunt and Gulp
- Frameworks like VueJS, React, Angular
- Module bundlers like Webpack, Browserify, Rollup
Design
In design, a developer needs to know how to sketch out a prototype of an application before converting it into a usable format like HTML and CSS. This can then be made interactive with some JS, back-ends can be simulated with fake JS endpoints, and only once this shell app is done and its user experience design and interface design are ready can true development begin. This in and of itself is a huge undertaking and warrants a special set of tools like:
- Photoshop and/or Illustrator or an open source alternative like Gimp / Inkscape – find out all about this on the Design channel
- a good, fast editor like Atom or Sublime Text (here are 10 ST plugins for the full stack dev)
- pattern pickers like Subtlepatterns and color pickers that match colors to one another
- grid systems for CSS
- everything from the Front End section above for the JavaScript mocking
- ways to deploy a prototype online for customers to see it and give you feedback – Ngrok is very useful for this
Logging
Microsoft Technology Stack Diagram
To effectively keep an eye on an app’s health, a developer will need to be able to track error and access logs and extract valuable information from them. They’ll need to be able to recognize and flag trends, as well as notice upticks in CPU or I/O usage in order to prevent downtime on time. This ties into Devops a little, but demands its own particular set of skills.
Microsoft Full Stack Development
We have an excellent post about the ELK stack that’ll get you as ready as you need to be for all your logging needs – it combines ElasticSearch for searching logs, Logstash for collecting them, and Kibana for a dashboard in which to show them into a fine stack for user-friendly monitoring. There are even hosted solutions that take care of this for you, like Logz.io.
Mobile
Finally, there’s mobile to consider. With webview on both iOS and Android becoming more and more performant, and the advent of PWAs (progressive web apps), native apps are losing their charm because of the complex process of developing them. A full stack developer thus has to be familiar with either PWAs, or go with something like React Native or a full on webview like NativeScript, Tabris, Cordova, Phonegap, or other implementation to get a good “client app” going for their API (see back end section above).
Is Being a Full Stack Developer Worth It?
So after all this, is it worth it?
First of all, it should be noted that very few full stack developers are this full stack – many focus on just most of these technologies and aspects, not all, simply because it’s not possible to pay good attention to them all.
Secondly, knowing at least a little bit of everything might not make you a master of a specific craft, that much is true, but it’ll make you capable of understanding what goes into a project and which ones of these technologies a project actually needs. This is a priceless skill when delegating, opening an agency, or just guiding an existing team back from a lost path onto a well defined road.
I might not be the “JavaScript rockstar”, “Elasticsearch ninja”, “MySQL guru”, “Devops maniac”, or “Mobile wrangler” you’d fawn over, but in my case, being full stack lets me spread my wings, test out different technologies, and offer alternative, uncommon solutions to my clients when freelancing. The money can come from all sides, and contracts I can take up range from server work to WP plugin development and everything in between because I’m moderately familiar with all those things (the former more than the latter, admittedly). For me, being full stack is definitely worth it and if I compare it with my Flash-only days, while I did enjoy the work more back then (no JavaScript!), the pay was lower and the projects harder to get.
How about you? Are you full stack or specialized? Whichever it is, do you feel like it’s worth it?